Until very recently, the U.K. housing market was at its strongest before the E.U. referendum.
It is good to be optimistic; however, we must not delude ourselves to the reality we face.
Few commentators, nevertheless, are making upbeat predictions for our housing market performance for the next 12 months.
Now there is a contraction of first-time buyers stung by the difficulty of getting low-deposit mortgages and the looming rise in unemployment.
However, Boris Johnson has recently said, “he would turn generation rent into generation buy via a return to 95% mortgages for first-time buyers.”
This can only happen if the mortgage regulations are relaxed or alternative by providing direct government subsidies for first-time buyers adding to the various help-to-buy schemes.
Things are getting worse and not better
Several months of living with COVID-19, we are now seeing a clearer picture of the impact COVID-19 has had on house prices. With government intervention like the ongoing stamp duty holiday and the possibility of another national lockdown, the housing market could fluctuate in the months ahead.
The Stamp duty holiday has helped the housing market by providing support to a fragile housing market, albeit this is a temporary fix.
There are signs that the initial rush caused by the stamp duty break is beginning to cool, and it would seem the fiscal stimulus is not likely to support the property market past the 4th quarter of this year.
Read more: https://www.which.co.uk/news/2021/02/how-will-the-coronavirus-affect-house-prices/ – Which?
The Land Registry’s U.K. House Price Index is a reliable barometer for house prices based on sold properties. It works on a two-month lag, so the latest available figures are for December.
The H.M. Land Registry figures reveal the price of a property in the U.K. increased by 0.7% month-on-month and 2.5% year-on-year in December 2020, to reach £239,196.
This might not last as the steam runs out of the broader economy. Experts believe the market (including house price growth) is likely to slow down once the government’s COVID-19 financial support to businesses, employers, employees, and the stamp duty cut comes to an end.
Halifax says our housing market will eventually feel the effects of the economic downturn, with ”greater downward pressure on house prices in the medium-term.
The Nationwide opinion is that the winding down of government support schemes could ”dampen housing activity.”
The Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR) predicts house prices could fall by 14% in 2021.
If we look at the broader picture now, things are getting worse and not better.
Many countries are already predicting a downturn in their housing market. At the bottom of this page, I have placed links to articles for 4 significant economies as a point of reference.
If we study the previous U.K. housing market crashes, we may get an idea of how serious the current crisis could get.
A 2020 housing market crash could be the worst market correction ever seen in the U.K., according to Mr Richard Woolnough.
Mr Woolnough, a bond manager at M&G’s, believes house prices went up significantly ahead of the downturn. There is a chance they could decline to record lows, worse than seen in previous housing market crashes.
Mr Woolnough said: “History suggests that when the U.K. housing market crashes, it tends to fall about 25%-30% from peak to trough in real terms but given that U.K. house prices rose about 270% from 1995 to end of 2007, there is a risk that this crash could be worse”.
IMF says U.K. housing 30% above model
How far could U.K. house prices fall?
The IMF said last autumn that U.K. house prices were 50% above where models suggested they should be, although the IMF reduced that to 30%.
Nobody knows how far prices could fall, as there is a considerable margin for error on long- term economic predictions.
I believe this projection is likely to worsen because the banks are becoming increasingly reluctant to lend, which means mortgage approvals, and therefore house prices, could fall much further, he said.
Recent data reveals that properties in London remain the most expensive at an average of £477,000, compared to the average of £247,000 in England.
The global pandemic shattered the U.S. economy across the pond, which suffered its most significant blow since the Great Depression in the second quarter. The real estate bubble caused by the steep rise in the U.S.
Housing price will mean a bigger fall when it comes.
What happens in the U.S. to housing prices to some degree always impacts our economy to some degree.
Mr Howard Archer, a chief economic adviser to the forecasting group E.Y. Item Club, said: coronavirus looks likely to slam the breaks on growth.
Mr Sajjad Ahmad, the CEO of the British Landlords Association, said: “The financial turmoil of the early 90s and Lehman Brothers are ones I remember well. The property crash of the early 90s, where we were kicked out of the ERM, is etched in my memory”.
Covid-19, the clouds hovering over us
“What I see now with the Covid-19, the clouds hovering over us, are worse than the crash of the 90S, or Lehman Brothers”.
“The Chancellor urgently needs to do some clever quantitative easing, to be micro-targeted, for us to stand any chance of avoiding a major housing market crash”.
“It is apparent quantitative easing is taking place; the question is, is it feeding through, to where it is needed?”
Small companies need a cash injection “Self-employed, and directors of small companies need a cash injection, as quickly as possible”.
He added: “U.S. politicians, have been debating giving up to $1000, to $2000 to every adult. This may sound radical, but it highlights the seriousness of our predicament. This Covid-19 disaster is global; the results may be akin to the great depression of 1929 if our politicians do not act quickly.” he said.
COVID-19 has caused an unusual situation to which it has impacted residential and commercial landlords alike.
Commercial landlords in the main have been isolated from the previous property crashes. However, this time with the COVID-19 pandemic, commercial property owners have been hit hard as tenants’ default on rent payments.
Lenders factoring in crash
Some major UK lenders are already factoring in a housing market crash. In a message sent to mortgage brokers this morning, Halifax said it would no longer offer any mortgages with a “loan-to-value” (LTV) of more than 60%. This means, only buyers who can provide a 40% deposit will qualify for a mortgage.
U.K. housing market crash of 2008
The failure of Lehman Brothers left $700bn (£538bn) of liabilities, which created a seismic shock to the global financial system. The money markets worldwide froze, and banks and companies in the developed economies suddenly found they could not borrow money to operate.
The U.S. Federal Reserve, Chairman Ben Bernanke, called it “the worst financial crisis in global history”.
Central banks were compelled to lend to banks on an enormous scale to prevent a wave of financial sector bankruptcies of institutions even bigger than Lehman Brothers. Such a general collapse would have meant, all around the world, wages not being paid, cash machines not operating, panic and civil upheaval.
Gordon Brown’s private concern at the time was, “If you can’t buy food or petrol, or medicine for your kids, people will just start breaking the windows and helping themselves it’ll be anarchy”.
Like the RBS group, some of our banks were eventually bailed out, with unprecedented volumes of taxpayer money, to restore confidence to the financial markets.
The 1990’s Housing Market Crash
The U.K. recession of 1991, in a nutshell, was due to high-interest rates, falling house prices and an overvalued exchange rate. Membership of the Exchange Rate Mechanism (EMR) from 1990 to 1992 was a fundamental factor in keeping interest rates much higher than was prudent.
What causes housing market crashes?
It is a period of falling house prices when there is a decline in demand for buying houses, and more people are trying to sell houses.
The main reasons for a housing market crash include:
A rise in interest rates
This is unlikely as we are likely to face a worldwide depression. However, historically a rise in rates will increase the cost of mortgage payments and make buying a house less affordable.
If homeowners take out fixed-rate mortgages, they may be insulated from interest rate rises for 2-5 years, depending on the mortgage term.
In the U.K., we have seen rising interest rates in the late 1980s and 2005-07, and this caused a sharp rise in mortgage payments as % of income.
In both 1991 and 2007, the U.K. experienced a housing crash after a peak in mortgage payments.
House price to earnings
This is a significant concern right now. One major factor determining the underlying affordability of housing is the ratio of house prices to earnings. A good indicator of a housing market crash is a rise in the ratio of house price to average earnings.
People spend more on housing cost than on living costs.
In 2007, the ratio of U.K. house prices to earnings reached 5.4, and in London, it was over 7.0. The housing crash saw ratios fall. From 2009, the ratio of house price to earnings ratios recovered, and in London, it reached all-time records.
In 2020 in some parts of London, the ratio as high as 37, and in some parts of the south-east, the ratio is 18.
Author: Marc Attwater
Date: 8th of February 2021
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