EICR Codes and what they mean?
As a landlord, ensuring your property meets electrical safety standards is not just a best practice—it’s a legal requirement.
The Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR) is a critical document in demonstrating compliance. However, understanding the various EICR codes can be confusing. This guide breaks down each code and its implications to help landlords maintain safe, compliant rental properties.
What Is an EICR?
An Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR) is an official document issued following an assessment of the electrical installations within a property. This inspection must be carried out by a qualified electrician or electrical contractor.
Under the Electrical Safety Standards in the Private Rented Sector (England) Regulations 2020, landlords must:
- Ensure electrical installations in their rental properties are inspected every five years.
- Provide tenants with a copy of the EICR within 28 days of the inspection.
- Carry out any remedial work within 28 days (or sooner if specified).
Why Understanding EICR Codes Matters
EICR codes classify the condition of the property’s electrical installation. Understanding these codes helps landlords:
- Determine whether immediate remedial work is required
- Avoid penalties for non-compliance
- Protect tenant safety
- Stay legally compliant
The Four Main EICR Codes Explained
Each observation during the inspection is assigned one of the following codes:
Code C1: Danger Present – Immediate Action Required
Meaning: This indicates a serious electrical hazard that poses an immediate risk to people.
Example: Exposed live wires, missing earthing, or severely damaged sockets.
Action Required: Immediate rectification. The property is deemed “unsatisfactory” until the issue is fixed.
Code C2: Potentially Dangerous – Urgent Remedial Work Needed
Meaning: This doesn’t pose an immediate danger but could become hazardous if left unresolved.
Example: Inadequate bonding, signs of overheating, or faulty connections.
Action Required: Urgent remedial work must be completed. The property is also classified as “unsatisfactory” until resolved.
Code C3: Improvement Recommended
Meaning: The installation is safe but could be improved to enhance safety or efficiency.
Example: Absence of RCD protection for sockets or outdated consumer units.
Action Required: No immediate work is required, but improvements are recommended. A C3 alone does not make an EICR unsatisfactory.
FI: Further Investigation Required
Meaning: The electrician could not determine safety without additional checks or tests.
Example: Intermittent faults, suspected damage within concealed wiring.
Action Required: Further investigation is mandatory before the installation can be declared safe. Until resolved, the report is considered “unsatisfactory”.
EICR Outcomes – Satisfactory vs Unsatisfactory
- Satisfactory: Only C3 codes (or no observations at all).
- Unsatisfactory: Any report with C1, C2, or FI codes.
If your EICR is unsatisfactory, you must:
- Complete remedial works within 28 days (or sooner if specified).
- Obtain written confirmation from the electrician that the work is complete.
- Provide this confirmation to your tenant and local authority.
Legal Obligations for Landlords
Failing to comply with EICR regulations can result in civil penalties of up to £30,000. Local authorities are empowered to enforce the regulations and request proof of compliance at any time.
Key Compliance Tips:
- Schedule inspections ahead of tenancy changes.
- Use NICEIC-registered electricians.
- Keep documentation readily available.
Conclusion
Understanding EICR codes is essential for every landlord. Not only does it help ensure compliance with legal duties, but more importantly, it guarantees tenant safety and reduces the risk of electrical fires and accidents.
Regular electrical inspections and prompt action on C1, C2, and FI codes are fundamental responsibilities for all responsible property owners.
EICR FAQ – Commercial & Residential Properties
What is an EICR?
An Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR) is a formal document produced after the assessment of the electrical systems in a property. It identifies any electrical safety issues and recommends necessary remedial work.
Who can carry out an EICR?
Only a qualified and registered electrician—preferably NICEIC or NAPIT-approved—should conduct an EICR.
How often is an EICR required?
- Residential Properties: Every 5 years, or at the start of a new tenancy.
- Commercial Properties: Generally every 5 years, but certain premises (e.g. swimming pools, industrial sites) may require more frequent inspections.
🏡 Residential Property EICR
Is an EICR legally required for residential rental properties?
Yes. Under the Electrical Safety Standards in the Private Rented Sector (England) Regulations 2020, landlords must obtain a valid EICR every 5 years and provide it to tenants.
What happens if the EICR is unsatisfactory?
You must:
- Complete remedial work within 28 days (or sooner if stated).
- Obtain written confirmation of completion.
- Provide this to tenants and local authorities.
Do homeowners (non-landlords) need an EICR?
There is no legal obligation, but it’s highly recommended every 10 years or when buying/selling a property.
🏢 Commercial Property EICR
Is EICR a legal requirement for commercial properties?
While not always strictly mandated by statute, EICRs are essential under:
- Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
- Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Failure to maintain safe systems can lead to legal action and invalid insurance policies.
Who is responsible for EICRs in commercial properties?
The employer, building owner, or designated duty holder is responsible for ensuring electrical systems are safe and compliant.
How is the frequency determined for commercial EICRs?
It depends on the type of premises:
Type of Premises Recommended Frequency
Offices Every 5 years
Retail Shops Every 5 years
Restaurants & Hotels Every 1–5 years
Industrial Premises Every 3 years
Educational Institutions Every 5 years
🧾 EICR Codes & Remedial Work
What do EICR codes mean?
- C1 – Immediate danger (unsatisfactory)
- C2 – Potential danger (unsatisfactory)
- C3 – Improvement recommended (satisfactory)
- FI – Further investigation required (unsatisfactory)
Does a C3 fail the EICR?
No. A report with only C3s is still satisfactory.
How should remedial works be documented?
After completion, the electrician must provide written confirmation. This can be a Minor Works Certificate or a written statement.
📄 Documentation & Compliance
Who should receive a copy of the EICR?
- Tenants – Within 28 days of inspection.
- New Tenants – Before move-in.
- Local Authority – Within 7 days if requested.
Do I need to give EICR copies to letting agents or insurers?
It is good practice to do so, especially for:
- Letting agents manage your property
- Insurance companies (as part of building safety compliance)
⚠️ Penalties & Enforcement
What are the penalties for non-compliance?
Failure to comply with EICR regulations can result in:
- Fines up to £30,000
- Enforcement notices
- Invalidated insurance policies
Useful Links
UK Government – Electrical Safety Standards for Private Rented Sector (England) Regulations 2020This official page outlines the regulations that landlords must follow regarding electrical safety and EICR requirements.
NICEIC (National Inspection Council for Electrical Installation Contracting)
NAPIT (National Association of Professional Inspectors and Testers)
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Disclaimer:
This post is for general use only and is not intended to offer legal, tax, or investment advice; it may be out of date, incorrect, or maybe a guest post. You are required to seek legal advice from a solicitor before acting on anything written hereinabove.
