Lesson 1: The Role of a Residential Landlord

This lesson introduces the fundamental responsibilities of being a residential landlord in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of their legal obligations, duty of care towards contract-holders, and the importance of maintaining safe, compliant, and professionally managed rental properties. 

The lesson also explores the risks associated with failing to meet legal requirements and compares the advantages and disadvantages of self-managing a property versus appointing a letting agent.

By the end of this lesson, learners will have a clear understanding of what is expected of a landlord and the standards required to operate successfully within the Welsh private rented sector.

Lesson 2: The Welsh Private Rented Sector

This lesson provides an overview of the private rented sector in Wales and the legal framework that governs residential lettings. Learners will explore how the Welsh rental market operates, the key differences between housing law in Wales and England, and the significant changes introduced by the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016.

The lesson explains the concept of occupation contracts, the different types of contracts used in Wales, and the rights and protections afforded to contract-holders.

By the end of this lesson, learners will have a clear understanding of the Welsh private rented sector and the legal relationship between landlords and contract-holders.

Lesson 3: Key Legislation Every Welsh Landlord Must Know

This lesson provides an introduction to the principal legislation and regulations that govern residential lettings in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of the legal framework that underpins landlord responsibilities, property standards, contract-holder rights, safety requirements, and possession procedures.

The lesson covers the most important Acts of Parliament and regulations affecting Welsh landlords, including occupation contracts, landlord registration and licensing, repairs, fitness for human habitation, equality obligations, eviction law, gas and electrical safety, and data protection requirements.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand the purpose of each key piece of legislation and how it influences the day-to-day management of residential rental properties in Wales.

Lesson 1: Rent Smart Wales

This lesson introduces Rent Smart Wales, the national registration and licensing scheme for landlords and letting agents operating in Wales. Learners will gain an understanding of who must register, when a licence is required, and the legal obligations associated with managing rental properties.

The lesson explains the differences between landlord registration and licensing, the requirements for self-managing landlords and letting agents, and the training standards expected by Rent Smart Wales.

It also examines the penalties and enforcement actions that may arise from non-compliance, including fixed penalties, prosecution, rent repayment orders, and restrictions on serving possession notices.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to comply with Rent Smart Wales requirements and avoid common licensing mistakes.

Lesson 3: Record Keeping and Compliance

This lesson explains the importance of maintaining accurate records and compliance documentation when managing residential rental property in Wales.

Learners will explore the types of records landlords should retain, including property information, safety certificates, inspection reports, repair records, deposit documentation, and occupation contract paperwork.

The lesson also covers best practices for organising compliance files, monitoring expiry dates, and maintaining evidence of legal compliance.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how effective record-keeping can help protect their business, demonstrate compliance with housing legislation, support possession proceedings, and reduce the risk of disputes with contract-holders, local authorities, or regulatory bodies.

Lesson 1: Property Standards

This lesson examines the minimum property standards that landlords must meet before letting residential accommodation in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of the legal requirements relating to fitness for human habitation, property condition, and the ongoing obligation to provide safe and suitable accommodation for contract-holders.

The lesson covers structural integrity, the prevention and management of damp and mould, the provision of adequate heating and hot water, and the importance of proper ventilation throughout the property.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to assess whether a property is ready to be let, identify common compliance issues, and maintain standards that meet both legal requirements and contract-holder expectations.

Lesson 2: Property Safety Requirements

This lesson examines the key safety obligations that landlords must meet before and during the letting of residential property in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of the legal requirements relating to gas safety, electrical safety, smoke alarms, carbon monoxide alarms, and general fire safety.

The lesson explains when inspections and certificates are required, the responsibilities of landlords for maintaining safety equipment, and the importance of complying with the Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) (Wales) Regulations.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to create and maintain a safe living environment, meet statutory safety requirements, and reduce the risk of accidents, enforcement action, and legal claims.

Lesson 3: EPCs and Energy Efficiency

This lesson provides an introduction to Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) and the importance of energy efficiency in residential rental properties in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of when an EPC is required, how EPC ratings are calculated, and the current minimum energy efficiency standards that apply to privately rented homes.

The lesson explores practical ways landlords can improve the energy performance of their properties, including insulation, heating upgrades, lighting improvements, and other energy-saving measures that can reduce running costs for contract-holders.

It also examines potential future regulatory developments and the increasing focus on improving energy efficiency within the private rented sector. By the end of this lesson, learners will understand their responsibilities regarding EPC compliance and how energy-efficient properties can benefit both landlords and contract-holders.

Lesson 1: Introduction to Occupation Contracts

This lesson introduces occupation contracts, which form the foundation of residential renting in Wales under the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016.

Learners will explore why traditional tenancy agreements and licences were replaced by occupation contracts and how the new system simplifies the legal relationship between landlords and contract-holders.

The lesson explains the different types of occupation contracts, including standard occupation contracts commonly used in the private rented sector and secure occupation contracts used primarily by community landlords.

Learners will also examine the differences between fixed-term and periodic arrangements, the purpose of written statements, and the legal obligations associated with providing contract documentation.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand the structure and operation of occupation contracts and their importance in the management of residential property in Wales.

Lesson 2: Fundamental, Supplementary and Additional Terms

This lesson explains the different categories of terms that make up an occupation contract under the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016.

Learners will explore the purpose and legal status of fundamental terms, supplementary terms, and additional terms, and understand how these provisions work together to govern the relationship between landlords and contract-holders.

The lesson also examines when contract terms can be varied, the procedures that must be followed when making changes, and the limitations imposed by legislation. In addition, learners will gain an understanding of the key rights afforded to contract-holders and how those rights are protected within occupation contracts.

By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to identify the different types of contract terms, understand their significance, and ensure that occupation contracts remain compliant with Welsh housing law.

Lesson 3: Written Statements and Required Information

This lesson examines the legal requirement for landlords in Wales to provide a written statement of the occupation contract and the important information that must accompany it.

Learners will gain an understanding of what a written statement must contain, the statutory time limits for providing it, and the potential consequences of failing to comply with these requirements.

The lesson also explores the prescribed information that landlords are required to supply to contract-holders, including key contractual terms, landlord details, and other mandatory information required by Welsh housing legislation.

In addition, learners will learn best practice approaches to documentation, record keeping, and proof of service to help demonstrate compliance and reduce the risk of disputes.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to provide compliant contract documentation and maintain accurate records throughout the occupation contract.

Lesson 1: Marketing a Property

This lesson explains how to market a residential rental property effectively and lawfully within Wales.

Learners will explore the key principles of property advertising, including creating accurate property descriptions, presenting properties professionally, and complying with consumer protection legislation.

The lesson also examines the requirements of the Equality Act 2010 and the importance of avoiding discriminatory practices when advertising and selecting prospective contract-holders.

In addition, learners will learn how to organise and conduct property viewings safely and professionally while providing prospective occupiers with the information they need to make informed decisions.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to attract suitable applicants, comply with legal requirements, and market their properties in a fair and professional manner.

Lesson 3: Deposits and Holding Deposits

This lesson explains the rules and procedures governing tenancy deposits and holding deposits in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of when a deposit can be taken, the legal requirements for protecting deposits in an approved deposit protection scheme, and the information that must be provided to contract-holders.

The lesson also examines the purpose and use of holding deposits during the application process, including the circumstances in which they may be retained or refunded.

In addition, learners will explore the procedures used to resolve deposit disputes at the end of an occupation contract and the importance of inventories, inspection reports, and supporting evidence.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to manage deposits lawfully, comply with statutory requirements, and minimise the risk of costly disputes and financial penalties.

Lesson 1: Rent Collection and Rent Arrears

This lesson examines the practical and legal aspects of collecting rent and managing rent arrears within the Welsh private rented sector. Learners will explore effective rent collection systems, methods for monitoring payments, and the importance of maintaining accurate financial records.

The lesson explains how early intervention can help prevent minor payment issues from developing into significant arrears and discusses the benefits of clear communication with contract-holders when payment difficulties arise. 

Learners will also examine repayment arrangements, affordability considerations, and strategies for resolving arrears while maintaining compliance with legal obligations.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to manage rent collection professionally, reduce financial risk, and maintain comprehensive records that may be required for future possession proceedings or debt recovery action.

Lesson 1: Understanding HMOs

This lesson introduces Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs) and explains the additional legal responsibilities that apply to landlords operating shared accommodation in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of what constitutes an HMO, the different categories of HMOs, and how HMO rules differ from those that apply to standard residential lettings.

The lesson examines mandatory HMO licensing requirements, additional licensing schemes operated by local authorities, and the circumstances in which a licence may be required.

Learners will also explore the increased management, safety, and compliance responsibilities associated with HMOs, including fire safety, property standards, maintenance obligations, and occupancy management.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand the key risks and responsibilities involved in operating an HMO and the importance of complying with licensing and management requirements in Wales.

Lesson 2: HMO Standards

This lesson examines the minimum property standards that apply to Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs) in Wales. Learners will gain an understanding of room size requirements, occupancy limits, and the standards expected for bedrooms and communal living areas.

The lesson explores the provision of shared facilities such as kitchens, bathrooms, toilets, and laundry facilities, ensuring that adequate amenities are available for the number of occupiers living in the property.

Learners will also examine waste management responsibilities, including the storage and disposal of refuse, and the importance of maintaining clean and safe communal areas. In addition, the lesson covers amenity standards commonly required by local authorities and HMO licensing schemes.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to ensure an HMO meets the required housing standards, provides suitable accommodation for occupiers, and remains compliant with Welsh housing and licensing requirements.

Lesson 3: Fire Safety in HMOs

This lesson examines the enhanced fire safety requirements that apply to Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs) in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of the importance of fire risk assessments, the role they play in identifying hazards, and the measures landlords must take to reduce fire risks within shared accommodation.

The lesson explores key fire safety features commonly required in HMOs, including fire doors, protected escape routes, fire detection and warning systems, and emergency lighting.

Learners will also examine their responsibilities for maintaining fire safety equipment and ensuring occupiers can safely evacuate the property in the event of a fire.

In addition, the lesson explains the powers available to local authorities and fire authorities where fire safety standards are not met, including enforcement notices, financial penalties, licence action, and prosecution. 

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to manage fire safety effectively, comply with HMO licensing requirements, and protect both occupiers and property from fire-related risks.

Lesson 1: Possession Notices in Wales

This lesson provides a detailed introduction to the principal possession notices available to landlords under the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016.

Learners will gain an understanding of the circumstances in which different notices may be used, the legal requirements that must be satisfied before service, and the notice periods that apply. 

The lesson examines the Section 173 Notice used for no-fault possession of periodic standard occupation contracts, the Section 182 Notice for possession of fixed-term standard contracts, the Section 186 Serious Rent Arrears Notice, and the Section 157 Breach Notice for breaches of occupation contract terms.

Learners will also explore possession grounds relating to estate management and anti-social behaviour, including the evidence required to support court proceedings.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to select the appropriate notice, comply with statutory requirements, and avoid common errors that may invalidate possession proceedings in Wales.

Lesson 2: Notice Periods and Requirements

This lesson examines the legal requirements that landlords must follow when serving possession notices under the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016.

Learners will gain an understanding of when different notices can be served, the minimum notice periods that apply, and the statutory conditions that must be satisfied before possession action can begin.

The lesson explains the importance of serving notices correctly, including acceptable methods of service, proof of delivery, and maintaining accurate records.

Learners will also explore common mistakes that can result in defective notices, the consequences of non-compliance, and how errors can delay or invalidate possession proceedings.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to serve notices lawfully, maintain the necessary evidence to support possession claims, and reduce the risk of procedural challenges in court.

Lesson 3: Possession Proceedings

This lesson explains the legal process landlords must follow when a contract-holder does not leave the property after a possession notice has expired.

Learners will gain an understanding of the County Court possession process in Wales, including how possession claims are commenced, the documents required, and the evidence needed to support an application.

The lesson examines what happens during court hearings, the factors the court will consider when deciding whether to grant possession, and the different types of possession orders that may be made. 

Learners will also explore the enforcement process where a contract-holder remains in occupation after a possession order has been granted, including the role of County Court bailiffs and enforcement officers.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand the stages of possession proceedings, the importance of accurate documentation and evidence, and how to recover possession lawfully through the courts in Wales.

Lesson 1: Contract-Holder Abandonment

This lesson explains the procedures landlords must follow when they believe a contract-holder has abandoned a property.

Learners will gain an understanding of what constitutes abandonment, the risks of making incorrect assumptions, and the legal process that must be followed before recovering possession.

The lesson examines the abandonment provisions under the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016, including the use of warning notices, investigation of the circumstances, and the evidence required to support a reasonable belief that the property has been abandoned. Learners will also explore the importance of maintaining detailed records, communicating with contract-holders where possible, and avoiding unlawful eviction.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to deal with suspected abandonment cases lawfully, minimise legal risks, and regain possession of a property in accordance with Welsh housing legislation.

Lesson 2: Deposit Deductions and Disputes

This lesson examines the rules and procedures surrounding tenancy deposit deductions and dispute resolution in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of when deductions may lawfully be made from a protected deposit and the importance of distinguishing between fair wear and tear and damage caused by a contract-holder. The lesson explores common deductions relating to cleaning, repairs, missing items, and rent arrears, together with the evidence required to support a claim.

Learners will also examine the role of inventories, check-in reports, photographs, invoices, and inspection records when seeking to justify deductions. In addition, the lesson explains how Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) procedures operated by tenancy deposit schemes work and how disputes are assessed and determined.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to manage deposit deductions fairly, gather the necessary evidence to support claims, and minimise the risk of unsuccessful disputes and financial losses.

Lesson 3: Complaints and Conflict Resolution

This lesson examines how landlords can effectively manage complaints and resolve disputes with contract-holders before they escalate into formal legal proceedings.

Learners will gain an understanding of the common causes of landlord and contract-holder disputes, the importance of maintaining professional communication, and the benefits of addressing concerns promptly and fairly. 

The lesson explores practical communication strategies, complaint-handling procedures, and the role of negotiation and mediation in achieving mutually acceptable outcomes. Learners will also examine methods of avoiding unnecessary litigation, reducing legal costs, and preserving positive landlord and contract-holder relationships. 

In addition, the lesson provides an overview of external dispute resolution options, including ombudsman schemes, tribunals, and other organisations that may assist in resolving housing-related disputes. 

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand how to handle complaints professionally, manage conflict effectively, and resolve disagreements in a manner that minimises risk, expense, and disruption.

Lesson 1: Rental Property Taxation

This lesson provides an introduction to the key tax considerations affecting residential landlords in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of how rental income is taxed, what income must be declared to HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC), and the importance of maintaining accurate financial records. 

The lesson explores income tax obligations, including how rental profits are calculated and reported, as well as the tax implications of jointly owned rental properties.

Learners will also be introduced to Capital Gains Tax (CGT), including the circumstances in which it may arise when a rental property is sold or transferred. In addition, the lesson examines record-keeping requirements and the importance of retaining supporting documentation for income, expenses, and tax returns.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand the basic tax obligations associated with owning and letting residential property and the importance of maintaining accurate records to ensure compliance with HMRC requirements.

Lesson 2: Allowable Expenses and Tax Relief

This lesson examines the common expenses that residential landlords may generally claim against rental income for tax purposes, subject to current HMRC rules and guidance.

Learners will gain an understanding of the difference between allowable revenue expenses and capital expenditure, helping them calculate taxable rental profits more accurately.

The lesson explores a range of expenses commonly incurred by landlords, including letting agent fees, accountancy costs, insurance premiums, repairs and maintenance, gardening and cleaning services, advertising costs, Rent Smart Wales registration and licensing fees, safety inspection certificates, certain legal fees relating to tenancy management, service charges, and ground rent.

Learners will also be introduced to the mortgage interest tax relief rules applicable to residential landlords and the Replacement of Domestic Items Relief available for qualifying furnishings and household items.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand the importance of maintaining accurate financial records and how allowable expenses can help reduce taxable rental profits while ensuring compliance with HMRC requirements.

Lesson 3: Building a Successful Rental Business

This lesson examines the financial and strategic principles involved in building and maintaining a successful residential rental business in Wales.

Learners will gain an understanding of the importance of budgeting, forecasting income and expenditure, and maintaining effective cash flow management to ensure the long-term sustainability of their rental properties.

The lesson explores the need for emergency funds to cover unexpected repairs, void periods, legal costs, and other unforeseen expenses that can arise during property ownership. Learners will also examine the various insurance products available to landlords, including buildings insurance, landlord liability cover, rent guarantee insurance, and legal expenses insurance, together with the role these policies play in risk management.

 In addition, the lesson introduces long-term investment planning, helping landlords understand how to assess property performance, plan for future expenditure, manage growth, and build a profitable and compliant rental portfolio.

By the end of this lesson, learners will understand the key financial management principles required to operate a successful and sustainable rental property business in Wales.